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About 'replacement electric motors'-Who Invented the Electric Motor








As               the               cost               sky               rockets               for               the               conventional               fuel               gasoline,               the               demand               for               alternative               fuels               is               steadily               rising.

An               alternative               fuel               is               any               different               means               of               creating               an               internal               explosion               in               a               cylinder(s)               with               in               an               internal               combustion               engine               to               create               a               rotational               force               inducing               power               with               out               the               means               of               the               conventional               fuel               gasoline.

The               alternative               fuel               Ethanol               (E-85)               is               an               environmentally               friendly               fuel               for               the               transportation               industry               derived               from               fermenting               plant               sugars               such               as               corn               and               mixing               it               with               conventional               gasoline.

The               standard               ratio               of               "eighty               five               percent               ethanol               and               fifteen               percent               gasoline"               would               be               used               as               a               replacement               fuel               in               "automobiles               equipped               to               handle               it".

(EPA.gov)               This               alternative               fuel               is               a               great               development               but               also               comes               with               shortfalls.

The               cost               and               agricultural               area               needed               to               produce               enough               corn               to               make               it               a               feasible               replacement               will               also               need               to               be               considered.

The               automotive               manufacturers               cooperation               in               producing               the               type               of               vehicle               that               can               handle               this               alternative               fuel               versus               manufacturing               other               vehicles               that               can               sustain               mobility               on               another               form               of               alternative               fuel               such               as               a               hydrogen               fuel-cell               vehicle.

A               hydrogen               fuel               cell               vehicle               creates               propulsion               by               chemical               reactions               with               hydrogen               and               water               to               create               water               and               electricity               to               intern               activate               electric               motors               that               turn               the               assist               the               vehicle               in               a               wanted               movement.

Yet               hydrogen               on               the               other               hand               is               not               a               harvestable               energy               source               and               has               to               be               produced               using               either               fossil               fuels               or               harvestable               fuels.

With               its               high               production               costs,               high               price               for               the               electric               motors,               and               the               fuel               cells               themselves.

The               only               positive               with               hydrogen               vehicles               is               the               only               emission               of               pure               water.

The               use               of               the               ethanol               fuel               E-85               is               a               great               alternative               to               gasoline               but               there               is               a               price.

The               first               ever               flex               fuel               vehicle               to               handle               ethanol               was               the               Ford               model               T.

Today               it               can               obviously               be               seen               that               cars               have               changed               quite               a               bit               since               the               days               of               the               Model               T.

It               is               on               every               automobile               driver's               mind               that               the               use               of               gasoline               is               always               on               the               rise,               along               with               the               price,               and               there               has               to               be               a               replacement               for               the               offshore               and               imported               oil               that               we               derive               gasoline               from.

The               use               of               this               fuel               will               cause               a               loss               of               miles               per               tank               using               E-85               instead               of               gasoline               because"E-85               contains               less               power               per               gallon               than               gasoline               does."               (US               Department               of               Energy)               "E85               reduces               fuel               economy               and               range               by               about               twenty               to               thirty               percent,               meaning               an               E-85               powered               vehicle               will               travel               fewer               miles               on               a               tank               of               E85               than               on               a               tank               of               gasoline".

(US               Department               of               Energy)               With               the               less               power               an               engine               creates               while               still               maintaining               the               vehicle's               weight               decreases               the               overall               fuel               efficiency               of               the               vehicle.

This               power               loss               is               due               to               ethanol               containing               less               explosive               energy               than               gasoline               and               also               "E-85               is               at               a               higher               octane               of               one               hundred               five               compared               to               the               typical               gasoline               used               of               eighty-seven               to               ninety               eight"               octane               most               automotive               engines               cannot               use               this               fuel               adequately               for               power               and               efficiency.

(US               Department               of               Energy)               Adding               to               this               is               that               "burning               E-85               ethanol               fuel               is               not               as               easy               on               the               engine               versus               gasoline.

This               was               directly               noticed               on               vehicle               tests               done               by               the               National               Renewable               Energy               Lab               showing               that               the               cars               tested               received               twenty               five               percent               fewer               miles               to               a               tank               and               were               also               sixteen               dollars               and               fifty               seven               cents               more               on               a               combination               of               maintenance               and               fuel               usage".

(US               Department               of               Energy)               So               this               longed               awaited               alternative               fuel               is               great               for               the               environment               "by               producing               less               damaging               gasses               when               burned               than               gasoline               with               the               acceptation               of               acetaldehyde               being               a               high               pollutant               ozone               depleting               bi-product               to               burning               E-85,               which               gasoline               does               not               produce".

(Varde)               Next               on               the               list               of               the               E-85               conquest               is               the               cost               and               production               of               this               flex               fuel.
               The               positive               side               defining               E-85               as               an               alternative               fuel               is               when               using               ethanol               fuel               that               it               is               a               renewable               fuel               being               a               cleaner               and               safer               fuel               to               produce               than               gasoline.

Another               gained               benefit               is               less               volatile               gas               emissions               than               that               of               gasoline.

Another               positive               side               is               that               not               all               engines               lose               power               with               the               use               of               ethanol               fuel.

Forced               induced               engines               see               a               higher               power               gain               "than               its               regular               petrol               equivalent,               proving               that               it               is               possible               for               drivers               to               enjoy               the               benefits               of               increased               power               and               performance               while               having               a               greater               regard               for               the               environment."               (Saab               Motor               Co.,               Inc)               This               quote               illustrates               that               a               power               gain               is               possible               using               ethanol               fuel               but               the               engine               must               have               a               form               of               forced               induction.

This               requires               the               use               of               either               a               supercharged               or               turbo               charged               engine.

Since               not               all               auto               manufacturers               have               forced               induced               engines               available               and               in               some               cases               some               companies               are               way               off               the               path               of               forced               induction               with               ethanol.

For               instance,               Honda               Motor               Company               is               in               the               development               of               a               hydrogen               powered               Civic               to               be               discussed               later.
               Continuing               on               with               defining               alternative               fuels,               the               big               show               stopper               to               ethanol               fuel               production               and               distribution               is               the               cost               and               the               land               needed               to               produce               enough               of               the               corn               and               the               corn               stalk,               along               with               the               facilities               to               ferment               the               corn               to               make               the               fuel.

The               production               will               take               a               lot               of               land               to               grow               the               corn               required               to               produce               enough               ethanol               to               be               an               effective               replacement               for               imported               gasoline.

Also,               it               will               take               some               time               and               an               excessive               amount               of               money               to               get               the               supply               to               meet               the               demand.

It               is               estimated               that               "to               run               an               automobile               for               one               year               off               of               ethanol               it               would               require               eleven               acres               of               farmland".

(Segelken               )               "Eleven               acres               of               farmland               can               be               transcended               to               feeding               seven               people               in               the               same               one-               year               span               to               power               the               automobile               on               ethanol."               (Segelken)               Land,               as               we               all               know,               is               not               cheap.
               In               continuation               of               my               thesis               statement,               "The               "Big               Three"               US               auto               manufacturers               as               well               as               the               Japanese               and               Europeans               are               working               to               further               develop               and               refine               hydrogen               powered               automobiles               as               well               as               ethanol               powered               automobiles.

Once               these               hydrogen               vehicles               are               "consumer               ready",               there               will               be               development               of               a               hydrogen               distribution               system."               (American               Honda               Motor               Co.,               Inc.)               Meanwhile               the               import               auto               manufacturers               are               in               the               final               phases               of               testing               of               their               hydrogen-powered               cars.

Nissan               Motor               Company               has               a               version               of               their               hydrogen-powered               car               the               "X-TRAIL               FCV,"               as               a               rental               taxi               for               now               in               order               to               test               the               actual               workings               of               the               vehicle.

(Nissan               Motor               Company.

Inc)               In               the               near               future,               Honda               Motor               Company               will               be               done               with               the               final               testing               phase               for               their               hydrogen               "FCX               hybrid               and               will               be               released               in               2008.

(Honda               FCX               Hydrogen               Fuel-Cell               Car)               Honda               was               the               first               company               to               make               hydrogen               fuel-cell               cars               available               to               consumers".

(American               Honda               Motor               Co.,               Inc.)               Though               a               little               off               topic,               the               idea               of               alternative               fuels               is               a               great               concept               but               with               many               of               the               auto               manufacturers               going               different               ways               with               alternative               fuels,               there               is               no               telling               when               these               alternative               fuels               will               be               ready               and               how               they               will               help               the               automotive               driving               market.
               As               can               be               seen,               the               usage               of               E-85               for               an               alternative               fuel               is               on               the               minds               of               many               but               has               yet               a               far               way               to               go               to               be               a               feasible               vehicle               fuel               replacement.

For               this               alternative               fuel               to               work               to               the               United               States'               benefit,               the               auto               manufacturers               have               to               have               a               common               ground               for               the               use               of               this               fuel               and               the               production               for               their               vehicles.

The               land               to               produce               enough               ethanol               for               E-85               has               to               be               mapped               out,               purchased,               harvested               to               produce               E-85,               distributed,               and               then               sold               across               the               entire               nation.

Yet               the               hydrogen               cars               are               in               a               category               of               their               own.

These               alternative               fuels               are               all               very               possible               but               it               will               take               a               lot               of               effort               and               cooperation               from               many               different               companies               to               make               this               a               reality.

Alternative               fuels               may               soon               be               the               savior               of               the               transportation               industry               with               automobiles.

Ethanol               (E-85)               is               an               environmentally               friendly               fuel               along               with               hydrogen               and               are               both               being               looked               at               as               answers               to               the               fuel               dilemma               in               the               United               States.

These               are               great               ideas               for               alternative               fuels               and               the               two               most               realistic.

With               these               alternative               fuels               we               could               save               our               planet               and               our               pocket               books,               but               it's               still               a               long               way               off               from               being               a               reality.
               Work               Cited
               American               Honda               Motor               Co.,               Inc.,               "2007               Honda               Civic               GX               Fleet               -               Environment."               2007.

American               Honda               Motor               Co.,               Inc.

10               May               2007               .
               Nissan               Motor               Company.,               Inc,               "Nissan               Motor               Company               North               America."               2007.

10               May               2007               .
               Saab               Motor               Co.,               Inc,               "The               Saab               9.5               T               E-85               Test               Results."               2006.

10               May               2007               .
               US               Department               of               Energy,               "Ohio's               First               Ethanol-Powered               light               duty               fleet."               00               December               1998.

10               May               2007               .
               Varde,               Keshav.

"CIS_EO_COntrol_of_Emmissions_-E85-Final_AF-E-_87915."               10               October               2002.

Department               of               Mechanical               Engineering               University               of               Michigan-Dearborn.

10               May               2007               .
               Segelken               ,               Roger.

"Ethanol."               Cornell               University.

10               May               2007               .
               American               Honda               Motor               Company.,               Inc,               "Honda               FCX               Hydrogen               Fuel-Cell               Car."               2007.

10               May               2007               .
               EPA.gov,               "E-85               and               Flex               Fuel               Vehicles."               October               2006.

10               May               2007               .






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    replacement electric motors































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