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About 'replacement electric motors'-Who Invented the Electric Motor
As the cost sky rockets for the conventional fuel gasoline, the demand for alternative fuels is steadily rising. An alternative fuel is any different means of creating an internal explosion in a cylinder(s) with in an internal combustion engine to create a rotational force inducing power with out the means of the conventional fuel gasoline. The alternative fuel Ethanol (E-85) is an environmentally friendly fuel for the transportation industry derived from fermenting plant sugars such as corn and mixing it with conventional gasoline. The standard ratio of "eighty five percent ethanol and fifteen percent gasoline" would be used as a replacement fuel in "automobiles equipped to handle it". (EPA.gov) This alternative fuel is a great development but also comes with shortfalls. The cost and agricultural area needed to produce enough corn to make it a feasible replacement will also need to be considered. The automotive manufacturers cooperation in producing the type of vehicle that can handle this alternative fuel versus manufacturing other vehicles that can sustain mobility on another form of alternative fuel such as a hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle. A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle creates propulsion by chemical reactions with hydrogen and water to create water and electricity to intern activate electric motors that turn the assist the vehicle in a wanted movement. Yet hydrogen on the other hand is not a harvestable energy source and has to be produced using either fossil fuels or harvestable fuels. With its high production costs, high price for the electric motors, and the fuel cells themselves. The only positive with hydrogen vehicles is the only emission of pure water. The use of the ethanol fuel E-85 is a great alternative to gasoline but there is a price. The first ever flex fuel vehicle to handle ethanol was the Ford model T. Today it can obviously be seen that cars have changed quite a bit since the days of the Model T. It is on every automobile driver's mind that the use of gasoline is always on the rise, along with the price, and there has to be a replacement for the offshore and imported oil that we derive gasoline from. The use of this fuel will cause a loss of miles per tank using E-85 instead of gasoline because"E-85 contains less power per gallon than gasoline does." (US Department of Energy) "E85 reduces fuel economy and range by about twenty to thirty percent, meaning an E-85 powered vehicle will travel fewer miles on a tank of E85 than on a tank of gasoline". (US Department of Energy) With the less power an engine creates while still maintaining the vehicle's weight decreases the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicle. This power loss is due to ethanol containing less explosive energy than gasoline and also "E-85 is at a higher octane of one hundred five compared to the typical gasoline used of eighty-seven to ninety eight" octane most automotive engines cannot use this fuel adequately for power and efficiency. (US Department of Energy) Adding to this is that "burning E-85 ethanol fuel is not as easy on the engine versus gasoline. This was directly noticed on vehicle tests done by the National Renewable Energy Lab showing that the cars tested received twenty five percent fewer miles to a tank and were also sixteen dollars and fifty seven cents more on a combination of maintenance and fuel usage". (US Department of Energy) So this longed awaited alternative fuel is great for the environment "by producing less damaging gasses when burned than gasoline with the acceptation of acetaldehyde being a high pollutant ozone depleting bi-product to burning E-85, which gasoline does not produce". (Varde) Next on the list of the E-85 conquest is the cost and production of this flex fuel. The positive side defining E-85 as an alternative fuel is when using ethanol fuel that it is a renewable fuel being a cleaner and safer fuel to produce than gasoline. Another gained benefit is less volatile gas emissions than that of gasoline. Another positive side is that not all engines lose power with the use of ethanol fuel. Forced induced engines see a higher power gain "than its regular petrol equivalent, proving that it is possible for drivers to enjoy the benefits of increased power and performance while having a greater regard for the environment." (Saab Motor Co., Inc) This quote illustrates that a power gain is possible using ethanol fuel but the engine must have a form of forced induction. This requires the use of either a supercharged or turbo charged engine. Since not all auto manufacturers have forced induced engines available and in some cases some companies are way off the path of forced induction with ethanol. For instance, Honda Motor Company is in the development of a hydrogen powered Civic to be discussed later. Continuing on with defining alternative fuels, the big show stopper to ethanol fuel production and distribution is the cost and the land needed to produce enough of the corn and the corn stalk, along with the facilities to ferment the corn to make the fuel. The production will take a lot of land to grow the corn required to produce enough ethanol to be an effective replacement for imported gasoline. Also, it will take some time and an excessive amount of money to get the supply to meet the demand. It is estimated that "to run an automobile for one year off of ethanol it would require eleven acres of farmland". (Segelken ) "Eleven acres of farmland can be transcended to feeding seven people in the same one- year span to power the automobile on ethanol." (Segelken) Land, as we all know, is not cheap. In continuation of my thesis statement, "The "Big Three" US auto manufacturers as well as the Japanese and Europeans are working to further develop and refine hydrogen powered automobiles as well as ethanol powered automobiles. Once these hydrogen vehicles are "consumer ready", there will be development of a hydrogen distribution system." (American Honda Motor Co., Inc.) Meanwhile the import auto manufacturers are in the final phases of testing of their hydrogen-powered cars. Nissan Motor Company has a version of their hydrogen-powered car the "X-TRAIL FCV," as a rental taxi for now in order to test the actual workings of the vehicle. (Nissan Motor Company. Inc) In the near future, Honda Motor Company will be done with the final testing phase for their hydrogen "FCX hybrid and will be released in 2008. (Honda FCX Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Car) Honda was the first company to make hydrogen fuel-cell cars available to consumers". (American Honda Motor Co., Inc.) Though a little off topic, the idea of alternative fuels is a great concept but with many of the auto manufacturers going different ways with alternative fuels, there is no telling when these alternative fuels will be ready and how they will help the automotive driving market. As can be seen, the usage of E-85 for an alternative fuel is on the minds of many but has yet a far way to go to be a feasible vehicle fuel replacement. For this alternative fuel to work to the United States' benefit, the auto manufacturers have to have a common ground for the use of this fuel and the production for their vehicles. The land to produce enough ethanol for E-85 has to be mapped out, purchased, harvested to produce E-85, distributed, and then sold across the entire nation. Yet the hydrogen cars are in a category of their own. These alternative fuels are all very possible but it will take a lot of effort and cooperation from many different companies to make this a reality. Alternative fuels may soon be the savior of the transportation industry with automobiles. Ethanol (E-85) is an environmentally friendly fuel along with hydrogen and are both being looked at as answers to the fuel dilemma in the United States. These are great ideas for alternative fuels and the two most realistic. With these alternative fuels we could save our planet and our pocket books, but it's still a long way off from being a reality. Work Cited American Honda Motor Co., Inc., "2007 Honda Civic GX Fleet - Environment." 2007. American Honda Motor Co., Inc. 10 May 2007 . Nissan Motor Company., Inc, "Nissan Motor Company North America." 2007. 10 May 2007 . Saab Motor Co., Inc, "The Saab 9.5 T E-85 Test Results." 2006. 10 May 2007 . US Department of Energy, "Ohio's First Ethanol-Powered light duty fleet." 00 December 1998. 10 May 2007 . Varde, Keshav. "CIS_EO_COntrol_of_Emmissions_-E85-Final_AF-E-_87915." 10 October 2002. Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn. 10 May 2007 . Segelken , Roger. "Ethanol." Cornell University. 10 May 2007 . American Honda Motor Company., Inc, "Honda FCX Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Car." 2007. 10 May 2007 . EPA.gov, "E-85 and Flex Fuel Vehicles." October 2006. 10 May 2007 . |
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